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The Cancer Genome Atlas : ウィキペディア英語版 | The Cancer Genome Atlas The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a project, begun in 2005, to catalogue genetic mutations responsible for cancer, using genome sequencing and bioinformatics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Cancer Genome Atlas homepage )〕〔(NIH Launches Cancer Genome Project ) Washington Post Dec 14, 2005〕 TCGA applies high-throughput genome analysis techniques to improve our ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer through a better understanding of the genetic basis of this disease. TCGA is supervised by the National Cancer Institute's (Center for Cancer Genomics ) and the National Human Genome Research Institute funded by the US government. A three-year pilot project, begun in 2006, focused on characterization of three types of human cancers: glioblastoma multiforme, lung, and ovarian cancer. In 2009, it expanded into phase II, which planned to complete the genomic characterization and sequence analysis of 20-25 different tumor types by 2014. TCGA surpassed that goal, characterizing 33 cancer types including 10 rare cancers. Funding is split between genome characterization centers (GCCs), which perform the sequencing, and genome data analysis centers (GDACs), which perform the bioinformatic analyses. The project scheduled 500 patient samples, more than most genomics studies, and used different techniques to analyze the patient samples. Techniques gene expression profiling, copy number variation profiling, SNP genotyping, genome wide DNA methylation profiling, microRNA profiling, and exon sequencing of at least 1,200 genes. TCGA is sequencing the entire genomes of some tumors, including at least 6,000 candidate genes and microRNA sequences. This targeted sequencing is being performed by all three sequencing centers using hybrid-capture technology. In phase II, TCGA is performing whole exon sequencing on 80% of the cases and whole genome sequencing on 80% of the cases used in the project. ==Goals== The goal of the pilot project was to demonstrate that advanced genomic technologies could be utilized by a team of scientists from various institutions to generate statistically and biologically significant conclusions from the genomic data set generated. Two tumor types were explored during the pilot phase, Glioblastoma Multiforma (GBM) and Cystadenocarcinoma of the Ovary. The goal of TCGA Phase II is to expand the success experienced in the pilot project to more cancer types, providing a large, statistically significant data set for further discovery. More information about TCGA is available at the TCGA home page (http://cancergenome.nih.gov/) and TCGA data can be accessed through the TCGA Data Portal (http://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Cancer Genome Atlas」の詳細全文を読む
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